Think of DNS as your internet phone book - every time you type a website address, your device needs to "look up" the actual server location. A DNS leak happens when these lookups slip past your VPN's protection and go straight to your internet provider instead of through your VPN's secure servers. Basically, while your VPN is encrypting your browsing traffic, your ISP can still see exactly which websites you're visiting because those DNS requests are escaping the tunnel. It's like having a bulletproof car but leaving the windows down.

What causes a DNS leak?

Most DNS leaks happen because of how operating systems handle internet connections. Windows is particularly notorious for this - it has a "helpful" feature that sends DNS requests to multiple servers at once, including your ISP's servers, even when you're connected to a VPN. Sometimes it's an IPv6 issue. If your internet provider supports the newer IPv6 protocol but your VPN only handles IPv4 traffic, those IPv6 requests will slip right past your VPN protection. Other times it's just poor VPN software that doesn't properly capture and route all your DNS traffic. You might also have manual DNS settings configured on your computer that override your VPN's settings, or your system might simply be prioritizing the wrong network connection.

What information can be exposed through DNS leaks?

Your ISP can see every single website you visit, when you visit it, and how often you return. They'll know your real IP address and location, which completely defeats the point of using a VPN in the first place. Over time, this creates a detailed profile of your browsing habits. If you're trying to access blocked content or maintain privacy, DNS leaks essentially announce your intentions to your ISP and potentially government authorities. Even seemingly innocent browsing can be problematic when combined with other data to identify you personally.

How do I fix a DNS leak?

The easiest solution is choosing a VPN that automatically handles DNS protection - most quality VPN services now include this feature. If you're experiencing leaks, try manually setting your computer's DNS servers to match your VPN provider's servers. For persistent issues, you might need to disable IPv6 entirely if your VPN doesn't support it properly. Some people prefer using independent DNS services like Cloudflare (1.1.1.1) or Quad9, though this doesn't provide the same anonymity as using your VPN's DNS servers. After making changes, always clear your DNS cache and run a leak test to make sure the fix worked. Sometimes you'll need to restart your network connection or even reboot your computer for changes to take effect.

How does a DNS leak test work?

DNS leak tests are cleverly simple. When you visit a test page, it loads several resources from special domains that exist solely for testing purposes. As your browser tries to load these resources, it has to make DNS requests to figure out where these test domains are located. The test monitors which DNS servers respond to these requests. If you're properly protected by a VPN, only your VPN provider's DNS servers should respond. If you see responses from your ISP's servers or other unexpected locations, you've got a leak. More sophisticated tests run multiple queries over time to catch intermittent leaks that might not show up in a single test.

What is the difference between IPv4 and IPv6 leaks?

IPv4 leaks involve the traditional internet addresses most people are familiar with, while IPv6 leaks happen on the newer, longer address system that's gradually replacing IPv4. The main problem is that many VPN providers still don't fully support IPv6, so even if your IPv4 traffic is perfectly protected, your IPv6 requests might be going directly to your ISP. This is becoming more common as internet providers roll out IPv6 support. IPv6 leaks can actually be worse for privacy because IPv6 addresses sometimes contain information about your device's hardware, making you easier to track across different networks.

What is a WebRTC leak and how is it related to DNS leaks?

WebRTC leaks are a different animal entirely, but they're equally dangerous for VPN users. WebRTC is a browser technology that helps websites establish direct connections for things like video calls, but it can also expose your real IP address by bypassing your VPN entirely. While DNS leaks show what websites you're visiting, WebRTC leaks reveal where you actually are. They often happen together, creating a double privacy breach. The good news is that WebRTC leaks are easier to fix - you can usually disable WebRTC in your browser settings or install an extension that blocks these requests.

Can DNS leaks happen without a VPN?

Without a VPN, your DNS requests normally go to your ISP anyway, so it's not really a "leak" in that context. However, you might still want to use alternative DNS servers for privacy reasons. Many people configure third-party DNS services even without a VPN to avoid ISP monitoring, bypass content filters, or simply get faster and more reliable service. This is especially important on public WiFi networks where you can't trust the provided DNS servers. The privacy benefits aren't as strong as using a VPN, but switching DNS providers can still reduce tracking and improve your browsing experience.

Is it safe to use free DNS leak test tools?

Most reputable DNS leak test sites are perfectly safe to use. They don't require personal information and typically only reveal which DNS servers you're using - information that's already somewhat public anyway. However, you should stick to well-known testing services and avoid any site that wants you to download software or provides suspicious results. Some shady test sites might actually be collecting data about visitors or serving malware through ads. When in doubt, use multiple test sites to verify your results, and consider using testing tools provided by established VPN companies or privacy organizations rather than random websites you find through search engines.

What's the difference between DNS leak protection and a kill switch?

DNS leak protection specifically stops your domain name lookups from escaping your VPN tunnel. It's always running in the background, quietly redirecting DNS requests to keep them secure. A kill switch is more dramatic - it's an emergency brake that cuts off all internet access if your VPN connection drops. Think of DNS leak protection as preventing a slow privacy leak, while a kill switch prevents a sudden, complete exposure if your VPN fails entirely. You really want both features working together. DNS leak protection handles the subtle, ongoing threats, while the kill switch protects you during those moments when your VPN connection hiccups or fails completely.

DNS 泄漏测试

确认您的互联网流量是否通过您选择的 DNS 路由。

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为什么 DNS 泄漏测试很重要？

使用 VPN 时，DNS 泄漏测试至关重要，因为它可以验证您的 DNS 查询是否正确通过 VPN 提供商的加密隧道路由，而不是泄漏给您的 ISP 或第三方 DNS 服务器。

什么是 DNS 泄漏？

当 DNS 请求（即您的设备为将网站域名转换为 IP 地址而发送的查询）意外绕过 VPN 的加密隧道，使您的浏览活动暴露给 ISP 或其他第三方时，就会发生 DNS 泄漏。

DNS 泄漏的危害

失去匿名性

DNS 泄漏会暴露您的真实 IP 地址和实际位置，破坏 VPN 在网上隐藏您身份这一主要用途。

易受网络攻击

即使有 VPN 保护，DNS 泄漏仍可能让 ISP 或监控机构监视、记录甚至审查你的互联网活动。

DNS 劫持与欺骗

暴露的 DNS 查询可能遭到拦截和篡改，使你面临 DNS 劫持、欺骗或中间人攻击。

隐私暴露

即使 VPN 加密了你的流量，DNS 泄漏仍可能向 ISP、有关部门或第三方暴露你的浏览记录和习惯。

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常见问题

什么是 DNS 泄漏？

你可以把 DNS 想成互联网电话簿——每次输入网站地址时，你的设备都需要“查找”实际的服务器位置。当这些查询绕过 VPN 的保护，直接发往互联网服务提供商，而不是通过 VPN 的安全服务器时，就会发生 DNS 泄漏。

简单来说，虽然 VPN 加密了你的浏览流量，但由于这些 DNS 请求逃出了隧道，你的 ISP 仍能清楚看到你访问了哪些网站。这就像开着一辆防弹车，却忘了关车窗。

DNS 泄漏是由什么造成的？

大多数 DNS 泄漏都源于操作系统处理互联网连接的方式。Windows 在这方面尤其“臭名昭著”——它有一个自以为很贴心的功能，会同时向多个服务器发送 DNS 请求，其中包括你的 ISP 服务器，即使你已经连接到 VPN 也不例外。

有时问题出在 IPv6 上。如果互联网服务提供商支持较新的 IPv6 协议，而 VPN 只处理 IPv4 流量，这些 IPv6 请求就会直接绕过 VPN 保护。有时也只是因为 VPN 软件不给力，未能正确捕获并路由所有 DNS 流量。

此外，你的计算机上可能配置了手动 DNS 设置，覆盖了 VPN 设置；也可能只是系统优先使用了错误的网络连接。

DNS 泄漏会暴露哪些信息？

你的 ISP 可以看到你访问的每一个网站、访问时间以及回访频率。它还会知道你的真实 IP 地址和位置，让使用 VPN 的意义彻底打了水漂。

久而久之，这些信息会形成一份详细的浏览习惯档案。如果你想访问受限内容或保护隐私，DNS 泄漏基本等于主动向 ISP，甚至政府部门暴露你的意图。即使看似无害的浏览行为，一旦与其他数据结合，也可能被用来识别你的真实身份。

DNS 泄漏测试是如何工作的？

DNS 泄漏测试的原理巧妙又简单。当你访问测试页面时，它会从一些专门用于测试的特殊域名加载多项资源。浏览器尝试加载这些资源时，必须发起 DNS 请求，以确定这些测试域名所在的位置。

测试会监测哪些 DNS 服务器响应了这些请求。如果 VPN 保护正常，应该只有 VPN 提供商的 DNS 服务器作出响应。如果响应来自 ISP 的服务器或其他意外位置，就说明发生了泄漏。

更复杂的测试会在一段时间内发起多次查询，以捕捉单次测试中可能不会出现的间歇性泄漏。

IPv4 泄漏和 IPv6 泄漏有什么区别？

IPv4 泄漏涉及大多数人熟悉的传统互联网地址，而 IPv6 泄漏发生在更新、更长的地址系统上，该系统正逐步取代 IPv4。

主要问题是，许多 VPN 提供商仍未完全支持 IPv6。因此，即使 IPv4 流量得到了充分保护，IPv6 请求也可能直接发送给 ISP。随着越来越多的互联网服务提供商推出 IPv6 支持，这种情况正变得愈发常见。

IPv6 泄漏对隐私的影响甚至可能更严重，因为 IPv6 地址有时会包含设备硬件的相关信息，让别人更容易跨不同网络追踪你。

不使用 VPN 也会发生 DNS 泄漏吗？

不使用 VPN 时，DNS 请求通常本来就会发送给 ISP，因此在这种情况下严格来说并不算“泄漏”。不过，出于隐私考虑，你可能仍想使用其他 DNS 服务器。

即使不使用 VPN，许多人也会配置第三方 DNS 服务，以避开 ISP 监控、绕过内容过滤，或只是获得更快、更可靠的服务。在公共 WiFi 网络上，这一点尤其重要，因为你无法信任网络提供的 DNS 服务器。

它带来的隐私保护不如 VPN 强，但更换 DNS 提供商仍能减少追踪，并改善浏览体验。

使用免费的 DNS 泄漏测试工具安全吗？

大多数信誉良好的 DNS 泄漏测试网站都可以放心使用。它们不要求提供个人信息，通常只会显示你正在使用哪些 DNS 服务器——反正这类信息本身在一定程度上已经是公开的。

不过，你应该只使用知名的测试服务，并避开任何要求下载软件或给出可疑结果的网站。一些不靠谱的测试网站实际上可能会收集访客数据，或通过广告传播恶意软件。

如果不确定，可以使用多个测试网站交叉验证结果。与其使用通过搜索引擎随便找到的网站，不如选择由知名 VPN 公司或隐私组织提供的测试工具。

如何修复 DNS 泄漏？

最简单的解决办法是选择一款能自动提供 DNS 保护的 VPN——如今，大多数优质 VPN 服务都已包含这项功能。如果遇到泄漏，请尝试手动将计算机的 DNS 服务器设置为与你的 VPN 提供商所用的服务器一致。

如果问题一直存在，而你的 VPN 又无法正确支持 IPv6，你可能需要彻底禁用 IPv6。有些人更喜欢使用 Cloudflare (1.1.1.1) 或 Quad9 等独立 DNS 服务，但这样无法获得与使用 VPN DNS 服务器相同的匿名性。

完成更改后，请务必清除 DNS 缓存并运行泄漏测试，确认问题已经解决。有时你还需要重新连接网络，甚至重启计算机，更改才会生效。

DNS 泄漏保护和断网开关有什么区别？

DNS 泄漏保护专门用于阻止域名查询绕过 VPN 隧道。它会始终在后台运行，默默重定向 DNS 请求，确保其安全。

断网开关的动作则更彻底——它就像紧急制动器，会在 VPN 连接中断时切断所有互联网访问。你可以把 DNS 泄漏保护理解为防止隐私缓慢外泄，而断网开关则是在 VPN 完全失效时避免隐私突然彻底暴露。

这两项功能最好搭配使用。DNS 泄漏保护负责应对细微而持续的威胁，断网开关则在 VPN 连接短暂中断或彻底失效时保护你。

什么是 WebRTC 泄漏？它和 DNS 泄漏有什么关系？

WebRTC 泄漏完全是另一回事，但对 VPN 用户同样危险。WebRTC 是一种浏览器技术，可帮助网站为视频通话等功能建立直接连接，但它也可能完全绕过 VPN，暴露你的真实 IP 地址。

DNS 泄漏会暴露你访问了哪些网站，而 WebRTC 泄漏则会暴露你的真实位置。两者经常同时发生，造成双重隐私泄漏。好消息是，WebRTC 泄漏更容易修复——通常只需在浏览器设置中禁用 WebRTC，或安装一个扩展程序来阻止这些请求。